Agricultural yield is linked with the application of nitrogen. Thus, decreasing the application of nitrogen without affecting agricultural production continues to be a challenge. To elucidate the metabolic, physiological, and morphological response of wheat to nitrogen deficiency, researchers from Shandong Agricultural University conducted a study to pinpoint the genes involved in the response.
Wheat plants were placed in a complete nutrient solution with nitrogen and another setup without nitrogen. The plants in nutrient-deficient conditions exhibited decreased plant height, leaf area, root volume, photosynthetic rate, crop weight, but longer root length, larger surface area, and higher root-shoot ratio. These results imply that nitrogen deficiency changes the physical characteristics of wheat plants. The team also analyzed the phenotype, transcriptome, gene onthology pathways, and KEGG pathways of differentially expressed genes. This led to the discovery of 24 Exp genes and 9 Nrt genes which were upregulated, causing the increasing of nitrogen absorption. A total of 15 genes from four gene families (Pet, Psb, Nar, and Nir) were found to be downregulated, which hindered photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism.
The candidate genes identified in the study can be used as molecular markers in breeding better wheat varieties.
[bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com]